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101.
为了研究东台吉乃尔盐湖卤水蒸发时的相化学,确定钾、镁和锂盐的结晶特性,在实验室内25℃等温蒸发实验基础上和自然条件下进行了冬夏季日晒蒸发试验.东台吉乃尔盐湖卤水是由氯化钠饱和的多组分复杂体系构成的.卤水中存在的离子是Na+、K+、Mg2+、Li+、Ca2+、B3+、SO42-和Cl-.试验数据与Na+、K+、Mg2+Cl-、SO42-KH2O五元体系介稳平衡数据进行了讨论和比较.Autenrieth相图被用来表示各数据间的关系和证明冬夏季蒸发时结晶行为的差别. 相似文献
102.
J. P. McGreevy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(5):509-518
Honeycomb weathering has been observed in a Carboniferous sandstone at a coastal location near Ballycastle on the north coast of Northern Ireland. Specimens of this sandstone have been analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results reveal that calcium sulphate (gypsum) is the only salt present and is found only at and immediately below the rock surface. SEM observations suggest that crystallization of salts in pores could easily dislodge quartz grains to promote granular disintegration, whilst etching of quartz grain surfaces attests to chemical weathering activity within the rock However, the reason for the development of the honeycomb pattern is not known. 相似文献
103.
固体传压高温高压岩石三轴实验中,固体传压介质是影响实验结果的重要因素,NaCl介质以它流动性好,围压均匀等特点,八十年代以来越来越受到人们青睐。本文用NaCl介质在〈3GPa固体传压三轴流变仪〉上进行了高温高压岩石流变特性的实验研究,并达到了较高的压力(〉2GPa)和温度(〉1200℃);本文同时利用NaCl介质对样品装样方式及温度、压力等相关测定方面进行了研究。 相似文献
104.
Sybille Wunsam Roland Schmidt Rolf Klee 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1995,57(4):360-386
Surface sediment diatom assemblages for 86 Alpine lakes were analysed focusing on the dominant genusCyclotella and corresponding environmental data. The range of morphological variability of theCyclotella bodanica/radiosa, C. distinguenda, C. ocellata, C. comensis andC. stelligera complexes was documented. Significance tests included in the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that total phosphorus, conductivity and surface water temperature were significantly correlated withCyclotella taxa assemblage distribution. Numerical species optima and tolerances were calculated in respect to these significant variables using weighted averaging (WA) regression and calibration. CCA and WA were able to provide information about the environmental preferences of the various morphotypes observed. 相似文献
105.
Alan P. Carr 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(3):293-296
The method described involves the use of an electro-optical distance measurer mounted on a theodolite. Observations are taken onto a series of acrylic reflectors, aligned at right angles to the line of sight, and slope distances and vertical and horizontal angles are recorded. From these data it is possible to obtain surface heights to an accuracy of ±0·5 cm at 200 m and to avoid any direct disturbance of the site under investigation. 相似文献
106.
Lead analysis of sediment cores from seven Connecticut lakes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lead analyses were performed on sediment cores from seven Connecticut lakes by dilute acid leaching. The absolute concentrations of lead varied from core to core, but the lead profiles were similar in all of the cores, and each depicted a point where the concentration of lead sharply increased above background levels. The background lead concentrations observed in the bottom portions of the cores ranged from 12-54 g Pb/g sediment with a mean of 30 g Pb/g, and increased to a mean maximum of 310 g Pb/g. In six of the lakes significant increases above background levels were not noted until between 1924 and 1952, suggesting that, at least for Connecticut lakes, the point in a lake sediment core where the concentration of lead began to increase was after ca. 1924, and on average about 1930. Lead concentrations declined in the surface sediments of only three of the lakes, mostly since the 1980's, and presumably in response to the phasing out of leaded gasoline. However, significant declines in lead concentrations were not observed in the remaining cores, possibly due to increased motor vehicle use within the airshed of the lakes and/or changes in the export of lead to the lakes from their watersheds. 相似文献
107.
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition induces rapid ecological changes in alpine lakes of the Colorado Front Range (USA) 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
Recent sediments from two alpine lakes (> 3300 m asl) in the Colorado Front Range (USA) register marked and near-synchronous changes that are believed to represent ecological responses to enhanced atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. Directional shifts in sediment proxies include greater representations of mesotrophic diatoms and increasingly depleted 15N values. These trends are particularly pronounced since ~ 1950, and appear to chronicle lake responses to excess N derived from agricultural and industrial sources to the east. The rate and magnitude of recent ecological changes far exceed the context of natural variability, as inferred from comparative analyses of a long core capturingthe entire 14,000-year postglacial history of one of the lakes. Nitrogen deposition to these seemingly pristine natural areas has resulted in subtle but detectable limnological changes that likely represent the beginning of a stronger response to nitrogen enrichment. 相似文献
108.
In two of the perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, lakes Hoare and Bonney in the Taylor Valley, bottom water has 14C ages of 2.7 ka and 10 ka (respectively), rendering 14C ages of bottom sediments highly problematic. Consequently, we tested the effectiveness of thermoluminescence (TL) zeroing in polymineral fine silt material from several depositional environments around and on the lake (stream suspensions, ice-surface sand dune, and silty sand from near the top of the more-than-3m-thick ice). We also conducted TL and infrared-stimulated-luminescence (IRSL) dating tests on material from three box cores recovered from the bottom of Lake Hoare, in a transect away from the abutting Canada Glacier. We observed effective zeroing of light-sensitive TL in suspended silt from one input stream and less effective zeroing from another stream. We observed effective zeroing of light-sensitive TL also in silt from a glacier-proximal eolian ice-surface dune and from sand from within the upper 5 cm of ice. In contrast, in box-core 1, the bottom sediment yielded minimum TL apparent ages of 1500-2600 yrs, with no discernable stratigraphic depth trend. IRSL dating applied to the same box-core samples produced significantly lower age estimates, ranging from ~600 ± 200 yrs to 1440 ± 270 yrs top-to-bottom, an improvement over the depth-constant ~2200 yrs TL ages. In two other cores closer to the Canada Glacier, IRSL ages from ~600 ± 200 yrs (top) to ~ 2900± 300 yrs (at depth) were measured. Not only are the IRSL ages a significant improvement over the TL results, but the near-core-top IRSL ages are also a dramatic improvement over the 14C results (~2.7 ka). IRSL dating has a demonstrated potential to supplant 14C dating for such antarctic lacustrine deposits. 相似文献
109.
Poul Klenz Larsen 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):375-383
This paper presents an investigation of the decay of bricks in the chancel vault of Brarup Church located close to the Baltic
Sea at the island of Falster in Denmark. The aim of the work was to study a peculiar phenomenon in order to prescribe appropriate
treatment. Although protected by a lime plaster, some bricks were pulverized up to 50 mm deep from the topside. The decay
occurred in a random pattern over the structure, with undamaged bricks positioned next to deteriorated bricks. The brick structure
was investigated by Mercury Intrusion Porosiometry. All bricks had a majority of pores in the range 1–10 μm, but the decayed
bricks also had a fraction of pores with a diameter less than 100 nm. The difference may be due to a lower firing temperature,
or it may be a consequence of the salt decay. Salt analysis proved that the deteriorated bricks were contaminated with sodium
chloride, which could have degraded the brick structure. However, the powdering of the bricks may be caused by the precipitation
of gypsum, which was found in the brick powder but not in the deteriorated brick itself. According to calculations with the
computer program RUNSALT, the precipitation of gypsum is much influenced by the presence of sodium chloride. The gypsum precipitates
due to changes in temperature between 0 and 30°C and variations in relative humidity between 75 and 95%. Seasonal climatic
changes in the attic were measured to cover this interval. Perhaps sodium chloride acted as a catalyst that facilitated the
accumulation and precipitation of gypsum at the topside of the bricks. A sacrificial plaster, which is the traditional treatment
for salt contaminated structures, would not prevent such decay. 相似文献
110.
Oscar Escolero Luis E. Marin Eloisa Domínguez-Mariani Sandra Torres-Onofre 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):719-723
A hydraulic analysis of the interface between freshwater–saltwater behavior was done in the Merida Yucatan zone, two machines
that constantly register the groundwater levels were installed, and three electric conductivity logs were taken from wells.
When comparing the measured results with the ones obtained using theoretical equations developed to calculate the freshwater–saltwater
interface position, it was proved that in some cases these equations can be applied, and in others not. Two effects that rule
the behavior of karst aquifers in extraordinary conditions were found. 相似文献